Abstract: In order to determining whether the population carrying capacity of land in Western China can meet the needs of population growth, economic development and the improvement of the life quality, and also to providing the basis for land use planning and population development strategy, this paper calculates the population carrying capacity in 2020, 2025 and 2030 in Western China based on the natural and economic attributes of the land.It uses the statistical model and grey prediction method to calculate the population carrying capacity based on the natural property of land. On the other hand, it uses the industrial activity correlation method of land function to calculate the population carrying capacity from the angle of land economic attribute. Finally, it uses the short board method to weigh the two calculation results and determines the actual land population carrying capacity of the western region, and compares it with the number of future population. The results show that the population carrying capacity of western region in 2020, 2025 and 2030 are 650 million, 673 million and 694 million people, while the number of population in the future are 381 million, 387 million and 392 million. The population carrying capacity of the western region should support the future population. From the point of regional distribution, 11 provinces can meet the need of future population growth such as Neimenggu, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Ningxia, Xinjiang, etc. Only the population carrying capacity in Qinghai province is lower than the future population. It shows that the overall land carrying capacity of the western region can meet the needs of the population development.But there is regional incoordination.Land carrying capacity of Qinghai province will not match its population development needs.