Abstract: Automobile industry is one of the leading industries in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. It is meaningful to study the spatial agglomeration characteristics and performance problems of this industry. This paper applies the methods of kernel density estimation and Ripley’s K to explore the spatial agglomeration patterns of automobile industry in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, based on the data of automobile enterprises from Chinese industrial enterprises database; and then use the quantile regression model to distinguish the relationship between spatial agglomeration and the development performance of automobile enterprises. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution patterns of the automobile industry in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration show the evolution of polarization and re-equilibrium. In general, it has experienced three stages: sporadic dispersion aggregation-M-type agglomeration-M-type clustering. (2) The spatial agglomeration and diffusion of automobile enterprises coexist. The scale of agglomeration first expands and then stabilizes, while the intensity of agglomeration rises first and then falls. (3) The role of spatial agglomeration in the performance of automobile enterprises has the orientation of enterprise development level; in general, the localized economy is very important for the improvement of the development performance of automobile enterprises, however, the role of urbanization economy is negative or insignificant.