Abstract: The ecological environment protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a common concern of the whole society. Land consolidation is an important means to protect the orderly ecological system for mountains, rivers, forest, farmland, lakes and grassland, but at present, in most areas the land consolidation mainly focuses on the improvement of agricultural production conditions, which lacks consideration of key environmental issues such as soil erosion. This study take Jintan and Liyang city as the reach areas which are the typical land consolidation areas in Ning-Zhen-Yang hilly area, based on the quantitative evaluation of land consolidation and the accurate estimation of soil erosion, we have focused on the key factors and mechanisms of land consolidation works on soil erosion. The results of this study:(1) Land consolidation significantly reduced the degree of regional soil erosion, and the amount of soil erosion in the project area dropped to 43.1% after remediation.(2) Land flatness, investment intensity and field rule degree have the most significant effect on regional soil erosion control, and contribution rates to reduce soil erosion amount are 41.5%, 28.1% and 13.2% respectively.(3) In areas where soil and water loss is serious, we should increase investment in land consolidation, strengthen land leveling works, and intensify the fragmentation and regularization of plots.