Abstract: Based on the daily average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average relative humidity and average visibility data of Shapingba station in Chongqing from 1987 to 2017, the inter-annual variations of meteorological elements and the similarities and differences before and after impoundment are analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature and the maximum temperature have an increasing trend, and the minimum temperature had a weak decreasing trend from 1987 to 2017. Meanwhile, the average relative humidity decreased significantly, and the average visibility increased. Among them, the maximum temperature, relative humidity and visibility are tested by α=0.01. According to the mutation test, the mutation points of mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and visibility were 2009, 2001, 2012 and 2010, respectively. The multi-year seasonal average maximum temperature increases in all seasons, the multi-year seasonal average temperature and the multi-year seasonal mean minimum temperature decreases in winter, and increases in spring, summer and autumn. The inter-annual variation of annual average relative humidity increases after water storage, and the multi-year seasonal and monthly mean relative humidity decreases after water storage. The multi-year seasonal average visibility increased before and after water impoundment. The monthly average visibility decreases by 0.212 km in June, and the other 11 months increases. The frequency cumulative percentage distribution of five meteorological elements is consistent with the annual and seasonal characteristics before and after water storage.