Abstract: The Gan-Jiang River is an important tributaries in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Chang-Jiang in Chinese), and its aquatic ecological security is directly related to the sustainable and green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In recent years, however, impacts from multiple human activities have been increasing in the Gan-Jiang River Basin. In this paper, we reviewed related literature by December 2017 and synthesized the current situation of aquatic environment, fish resources, and human disturbances in the Gan-Jiang Basin. We found that the current aquatic environment of the Gan-Jiang Basin was in moderate pollution, organic pollutants increased but inorganic pollutants did not change significantly. A total of 124 fish species, belonging to 10 orders and 32 families was recorded. According to the statistics of fish resources in the past 10 years, there are 7 orders, 35 families, 120 fish species in the Gan-Jiang River Basin, including 22 fish species of 4 orders and 14 families in the upper reach, 82 fish species of 6 orders, 28 families in the middle reach, and 91 fish species of 7 orders, 28 families in the lower reach. In the whole basin, a total of 33 fish species have not been found over the past ten years, such as Acipenser sinensis, Macrura reevesi, Coilia ectenes, Fugu oceliatus, Oryzias latipes, A. taenisnalis, A. barbatulus, E. oxycephaloides, Toxabramis swinhonis, P. semifasciolatus, and Pseudogrinocheilus  prochilus. The three major human disturbances were hydropower dams construction, industrial and agricultural pollution, and navigation, and sand mining. These activities led to an increase in nutrient and organic pollutants in the water column, degraded aquatic habitat, and then threatened fish survival. With the planning and construction of several more mega hydropower dams, we suggest that more related studies should be conducted to assess the impacts of hydropower development on aquatic environment and fish resources, initiate ecological restorations, strengthen habitat protection, control water related activities strictly, improve the ecological compensation system, and secure green development in the Gan-Jiang River Basin.