Abstract: The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial pattern and formation mechanism of urban land prices in Yangtze River Economic Belt. Trend analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were applied to reveal the spatial differentiation and correlation characteristic. Furthermore, the driving factors of urban land price in the whole area and its sub-markets were discovered by using geographical detector. The main results as following: (1) The number of cities and urban population showed a fusiform-ranked distribution in Yangtze Economic Belt based on the classification of land price; (2) There was a disparity among cities of different administrative scales, the higher the administrative scale, the higher the land price; (3) From an overall perspective, the urban land prices showed high in the eastern area and low in the central and western area. The distribution of urban land prices showed an “inverted U-shaped” structure from north to south. In other words, the higher urban land prices were closer to the Yangtze River. From a regional point of view, there are abundant features of agglomeration and heterogeneity, such as H-H cluster in Yangtze River Delta Agglomeration and H-L cluster in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration; (4) The dominant affecting factors of three regional sub-markets of Yangtze River Economic Belt were different. The investment in real estate, the value-added of tertiary industry, and urban population had significant effects on the land prices in Eastern area. In central area, the core factor of the spatial variation of land prices was the value-added of tertiary industry. Meanwhile, the role of administrative grade became prominent. The spatial differentiation pattern of land prices in western area was formed by the administrative grade, the value-added of secondary industry, and urban population.