Abstract: Abstract：Fractional vegetation coverage is an important index to measure vegetation growth and describe ecosystem environment. Based on the MODIS NDVI data set from 2001 to 2018, the fractional vegetation coverage in China was calculated using mixed pixel dichotomy model. Then, the spatial and temporal characteristics of annual fractional vegetation coverage in China are analyzed. To explore the response mechanism of fractional vegetation coverage to climate and human disturbance, and the future change characteristics of human disturbance to fractional vegetation coverage. The results show that: (1) fractional vegetation coverage in China is on the rise as a whole. The fractional vegetation coverage in Northwest China is significantly lower than that in Southeast China. Except the fractional vegetation coverage of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is declining, the others are on the rise, which has a certain sustainability. (2) Among all vegetation types, the average annual fractional vegetation coverage of mixed forest is the highest, while that of grassland is the lowest. The change rate of crop vegetation is the largest, while that of mixed forest is the smallest, and it will change from improvement to degradation in the future. The other types showed continuous improvement. (3) Fractional vegetation coverage is negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation in China. Moreover, precipitation has a stronger impact on fractional vegetation coverage than temperature. This indicates that precipitation is the main factor affecting the change of fractional vegetation coverage. (4) The impact of human activities on fractional vegetation coverage in China shows an increasing trend as a whole. In the future, the influence of human activities will be mainly reverse persistence. This indicates that the fractional vegetation coverage in China will be affected by human activities in the next 18 years.