Abstract: It is of great significance to scientifically identify the spatiotemporal evolution and the driving factors for the spatial optimization of rural settlements, intensive utilization of rural land and planning formulation of village-level land use. This paper takes the Dujiangyan City as the study area, using grid analysis and geographic detector to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of rural settlements in the past ten years. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of rural settlements in Dujiangyan City is significantly different. The density and aggregation of rural settlements in the east and southeast is relatively high; rural settlements are distributed along the valley in the hills and mountains of the north and northwest. (2) During 2005-2015, the dynamic changes of rural residential quantities and areas varied within different time periods, and the quantities and areas show increase firstly and then decline. The number of rural settlements increased from 16 543 to 26 018 after declining to 25 890, and the rural residential area increased from 6 161.43 to 7 265.43 hm ² after declining to 7 043.01 hm ². (3) The dynamic change of residential land is mainly affected by topographic conditions, cultivated land area and distance from the road, and the spatial distribution of rural settlements shows a certain cultivated land and road directivity. (4) Influence P value calculation results are affected by the type of division, but have little effect on the ordering of results.