Abstract: Based on the survey data of farmers in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in 2017, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of heavy metal contaminated cultivated land rehabilitation pilot project on the production behavior of surrounding farmers, and examines the heterogeneity of the its spillover effect on the production behavior of farmers. The results show that the launch of the pilot project of heavy metal pollution treatment causes the reduction of the rice planting area and its proportion among surrounding farmers. But the farmers’ adoption of cultivated land restoration technology is increased through technology spillovers. Further analysis finds that in areas close to the pilots of risk management, risk-averse farmers reduced rice cultivation, but increased the application of technology to control pollution. Farmers with lower time preference waited for policy pilots to be expanded, which would not change the scale of rice cultivation but would reduce the investment in treatment technology. Farmers located around the pilot area increased the rice planting area, but reduced the amount of treatment technology adopted over time. The conclusions of the study provide a meaningful reference for the treatment of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land in China and the expansion of the pilot experiment.