Abstract: The Duhe River Basin is an important water source in the middle line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The ecological environmental status of the basin is the significant factors affecting the economic benefits and water quality of the project. Based on the MODIS image production (2001-2017), digital surface model (DSM) and meteorological data, this paper analyze the spatio-temporal distribution and influencing meteorological factors of gross primary production (GPP), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and evapotranspiration(ET) in Duhe River Basin using the mean statistical method, the linear regression trend method and the correlation analysis method. The results show that: (1) The monthly average GPP, NDVI and ET in the Duhe River Basin is 1 868.667 gC/(m ²·month^-1 ), 0.605, and 959.975 mm/month respectively. The spatial distribution of the mean annual average GPP, NDVI and ET present a similar result. The value of GPP, NDVI and ET in the basin’s north part is smaller than that in the basin’s south area. The lowest value is distributed in the Zhuxi River Basin, and the highest value is distributed in the high-altitude mountainous areas. (2) The annual average NDVI, ET, and GPP values develop in fluctuation and show an upward trend in general, which indicates that the ecological environment of the basin is improving and developing. The value of NDVI, ET, and GPP is the highest in summer, reaching the maximum in July, and the lowest in winter. (3) The monthly average GPP, NDVI and ET have strong positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between monthly average NDVI and monthly average ET has a same value with the correlation coefficient between monthly average NDVI and monthly average GPP(R2 = 0.65). The correlation coefficient between monthly average and monthly average ET is 0.70. (4) Compare with monthly average temperature, the monthly average GPP is more relevant with monthly average precipitation. The monthly average NDVI and ET have higher correlation coefficient with temperature than does precipitation. The variation tendencies of NDVI, ET and GPP in the basin are consistent with the temperature and precipitation. The response of NDVI, ET and GPP to the climatic factors is less than one month.