Abstract: This paper studied the spatial and temporal characteristics of non-grain cultivated land and the driving factors in Jiangsu Province, in order to provide reference for non-grain cultivated land management. This study took Jiangsu Province, a major grain producing area and a rapidly urbanizing area, as the study area. The principal component analysis method was used to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of non-grain cultivated land in the county from 1996 to 2020. The driving mechanism and the regional differences of the driving force were explored. The results showed that: (1) the area and ratio of non-grain cultivated land in Jiangsu Province showed an inverted "U"-shaped trend, with the area increasing from 2 322.49 to 2 704.78 thousand hectares and then decreasing to 2 072.76 thousand hectares. The ratio increased from 19.28% to 35.46% and then decreased to 27.72%. (2) The distribution of non-grain cultivated land in counties across the province had significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, with the overall high and high aggregation in Southern Jiangsu and the low and low aggregation in Central and Northern Jiangsu dominating, the low in Northern Jiangsu and the high in the near-Shanghai area in the early stage, and the low in Central Jiangsu and the high in Southern Jiangsu in the late stage. (3) Based on the long time-series panel data analysis, it was found that per capita GDP and disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents were significantly positively correlated with the non-grain cultivated land rate, and the aging degree was significantly negatively correlated with the non-grain cultivated land rate. (4) Less economically developed regions were more likely to be affected by economic development, non-grain cultivated land in more economically developed regions was more likely to be affected by operators' production decisions. The regions with poorer resource endowment were more inclined to non-grain cultivated land.