Abstract: High-quality development of the Yellow River Basin depends on the support of scientific and technological innovation.A good environment for scientific and technological innovation play the key role in supporting high-quality development.The scientific and technological innovation environment of provinces in the Yellow River Basin was comprehensively evaluated by using factor analysis and entropy methods.The results showed that the scientific and technological innovation environment in the study area was generally poor.The level of innovation environment demonstrated a differentiated space pattern.Except for a few individual provinces that possessed a relatively strong human resource of scientificand technological innovation, the Yellow River Basin generally encountered problems of insufficient investment in innovation, poor awareness of scientific and technological innovation protection, and low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements.In order to optimize the innovation environment to support a high-quality development, a number of suggestions were put forward.These included building an incentive mechanism for green scientific and technological innovation, strengthening the transformation mechanism for scientific and technological achievements, building a sharing system for resources of instruments and equipment, and improving the collaborative innovation mechanism in multiple fields.