Abstract: It is an important topic to scientifically explore the spatiotemporal differentiation and the influencing mechanism of rural multi-functional development in traditional rural areas. This study can support to solve the problem of unbalanced and insufficient rural development and to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. Taking 73 counties in traditional agricultural areas of Hubei Province from 2017 to 2022 as the research object, this paper constructed an evaluation index system of rural multifunctional development level. The kernel density estimation, cold and hot spot analysis, Dagum Gini coefficient and geographic detector were used to reveal the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and the driving influence mechanism of rural multifunctional development level. The results showed that: (1) The overall level of rural multi-functional development in the study area showed an upward trend. The differences in the level of regional development were as follows: southeast of Hubei > northwest of Hubei > southwest of Hubei > Jianghan Plain > northeast of Hubei Province. (2) The hotspots of rural multi-functional development in traditional agricultural areas of Hubei Province were mainly concentrated in the surrounding areas of Wuhan metropolitan area, and the cold spot areas were located in the northeast of Hubei Province and the Jianghan Plain. The contribution rate of inter-regional differences to the spatial differentiation was the highest. (3) The spatial differentiation of rural multi-functional development level in traditional agricultural areas of Hubei Province was mostly affected by natural environmental conditions, followed by the level of urban-rural integration. The influence effect of two-factor interaction was significant, indicating the effects of nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement.