By using the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in the country from 1998 to 2017, constructing the relational model of ability structure, this paper measures the innovation capability of each province in China and reveals the spatiotemporal evolution of the coupling network of provincial innovation capability. The study finds that: ①From 1998 to 2017, the innovation capacity of each provincial region has been significantly improved, but the innovation capacity of different provinces still has a significant gap and the gap is gradually expanding. Among the four regions, the eastern region has the strongest innovation capacity, the northeast region has been overtaken by the central region and the western region, and the central region’s innovation capacity is higher than that of the western region. ②In the evolution of the coupling network of provincial innovation capability, the density and the intensity of the coupling network has been greatly enhanced, but the polarization distribution characteristic is obvious. The scale of the coupling network is more concentrated in the eastern and central regions. The whole country shows a spatial network distribution pattern of “Eastern Missiles”. In the process of collaborative innovation among provinces, the phenomenon of small groups has become obvious; ③The benefit gap of collaborative innovation among various provinces is continuously expanding, and the benefit pattern of provincial collaborative innovation presents agglomeration characteristic geographically and spatially presents “east high west low ” characteristic. Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other eastern coastal provinces and cities have become the first echelon of higher levels of collaborative innovation in China. Jiangsu-Shanghai is the pair of provinces in China that have benefited most from collaborative innovation.

Under the strategic guidance of “grasping the major protection and no large-scale development”, it is of great significance to accurately identify the urban built-up areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and reveal its evolution laws for optimizing the spatial pattern of the river basin. Based on Landsat data and night lighting data, this paper constructs a fusion algorithm to extract urban built-up areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and uses fractal theory, core density, spatial autocorrelation and other technical methods to reveal the evolution pattern and spatial correlation of the urban built-up areas. Results show that: (1) The overall pattern identification shows that urban scale of the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows an obvious rank-size distribution pattern, which has significant fractal features. (2) The scale of urban built-up areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows regional differences, precisely, they take Yangtze River as the axis, some are high in the east while the others are low in the west. Besides, some in the central axis are higher than those in the both sides. The density of built-up areas is spatially distributed as one central spot with two sub-central spots. (3) We find that the urban scale of the Yangtze River Economic Belt expanded gradually, and the expanding formation transformed from the pole to the axis, and overall shows a “T” growth pattern. (4) By the comparison of different regions, we find that the fast-growing areas are mainly distributed in Yangtze River Delta city group, Chengdu-Chongqing city group and Wuhan city group. Our results can provide reference and decision-making proof for the tradeoff between “protection” and “development” of the river basin.

Based on the panel data of comprehensive well-being, resource and environmental pressure and economic growth of cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2017, the spatial variogram function, panel vector auto-regression and panel gray correlation model were used to explore the spatio-temporal evolution, impulse response and correlation characteristics between the three. The results indicate that: (1) Urban  comprehensive well-being, resource and environmental pressure and economic growth of cities in the Yangtze River Delta have showed continuous upward evolution, and the regional differentiation between cities tends to continue to decline. (2) urban comprehensive well-being, resource and environmental pressure, and economic growth have long-term interaction effects, and the impulse response between the three has a time-series cumulative effect, while resource and environmental pressure and urban comprehensive well-being have no causal relationship, and there is a one-way causal relationship between economic growth and urban comprehensive well-being. causal relationship. (3) The panel grey correlation reveals that the spatial correlation coefficient of economic growth and urban comprehensive well-being is relatively high, showing a differentiated pattern of high in the east and low in the west, while the spatial correlation coefficient of between urban comprehensive well-being, economic growth and resource and environment pressure shows a spatial dislocation phenomenon with higher correlation intensity distributed in economically underdeveloped cities and lower correlation intensity distributed in developed cities. And, the general correlation intensity between the three tends to fluctuate and decrease with time.

Based on the patent transfer data, the evolutionary characteristics of the patent transfer network in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2018 are depicted by using various methods such as spatial analysis and social network analysis, and the influencing factors of city innovation connection are discussed by using spatial measurement method. The results show that :(1）Since 2010, the innovation capability of the Yangtze River Delta has gradually increased. The concentration of patent output is still concentrated in space, but it has gradually changed from Shanghai as the core to a trend of agglomeration in Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing and other cities. The spatial pattern of patent absorption has developed from polarization to balanced development, especially the “core-periphery” pattern with Shanghai as the center has gradually weakened. (2） The urban patent transfer network has shown a significant expansion trend, the multi-center network pattern is prominent, and the spatial dependence is gradually increasing; the path selection of patent transfer has the characteristics of geographical proximity, and path creation and path dependence coexist, peripheral cities enhance their own innovation capabilities by attracting the resource advantages of core cities to establish R&D centers. （3) Using patent transfer data to characterize the strength of urban innovation linkages, empirical study based on spatial measurement found that human capital, industrial development, infrastructure and government support are the key factors affecting the connection of urban innovation, and this process has a significant positive spatial spillover effect. R&D personnel can increase the level of urban innovation output and promote the flow of innovative elements; the technology service industry promotes urban innovation links by improving the communication efficiency between innovation subjects; the upgrading of infrastructure accelerates the flow of elements between cities and significantly improves the efficiency of innovation links; As the promoter of the innovation environment, the government promotes the innovative development of cities through the formulation and implementation of policies. By analyzing the temporal and spatial evolution of the patent transfer network and its driving factors, it not only improves the dynamic measurement method of innovation connection, but also provides a reference for formulating scientific policies in the Yangtze River Delta, improving innovation capabilities, and building a technological innovation community.

Big data analysis has become the key to understanding urban networks in the new era. Based on the data of railway and high-speed railway in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Baidu index, the network structure characteristics and influencing factor were analyzed by means of social network analysis, spatial structure index and modularity，the results show that: (1) Spatial heterogeneity is significant and polarization is prominent. The general railway network forms a “π” spatial connection pattern dominated by surrounding cities. The high-speed rail network has a significant corridor effect, showing a side “V”-shaped connection pattern with the Shanghai-Kunming and Han-Shanghai-Chengdu high-speed rails as the axis. The information network is formed in Wuhan， Changsha, and Nanchang are the core and radial spatial connections. SSI is less than 0.1, and the spatial polarization effect is obvious.(2) Topological structure, the general railway and the information network form a single-core structure with Chenzhou and Chengdu as the core respectively, the high-speed railway forms a dual core structure with Hangzhou and Jinhua centers, and the comprehensive network forms a multi-core with Shanghai, Hangzhou and Chenzhou,etc. as the center structure.(3) In terms of community structure, the network community structure of universal railway and high-speed railway is significant, while the network community structure of information and comprehensive network is not. (4) City size plays a key role in the outward connection network. Geographical distance, administrative level and city functions also have different degrees of influence.

This paper studied the accessibility level and its spatial pattern evolution along Circum-Bohai-Sea high-speed rail. The paper first evaluated the urban accessibility dynamic changes with and without Circum-Bohai-Sea high-speed rail(HSR) by two accessibility indicators, i.e. the weighted average time, and the economic potential. Then the spatial differentiation of the accessibility dynamic changes with and without Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR was performed respectively by using ArcGIS. Finally, the spatial differentiation of the accessibility dynamic changes was used to reveal the evolution and reshaping of spatial patterns in the Circum-Bohai-Sea areas. The results are as following. First, the opening of Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR has greatly improved the accessibility level along Circum-Bohai-Sea areas. And the weighted average travel time of the nodes along Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR decreases by about 59%. The economic potential of the nodes along Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR increases by around 178%. Second, before and after opening the Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR, the accessibility level of various urban agglomerations in the Circum-Bohai-Sea areas is different. The accessibility level of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is stronger than that of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration and Central Southern Liaoning urban agglomeration. However, the accessibility improvement degree of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and the Central Southern Liaoning urban agglomeration is weaker than that of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. Third, spatially, the accessibility optimal element shows a decreasing trend from Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR axis to the periphery areas. And the accessibility level and the accessibility improvement degree of the nodes, which are located at the beginning and end of the Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR line is weaker than those nodes, located in the middle of the HSR line. Finally, affected by the Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR, the gradual evolution and reshaping of regional spatial pattern become more and more complicated. The spatial polarization phenomenon of Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR shaft will further enhance. The integration process of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shandong Peninsula and Central Southern Liaoning urban agglomerations will appear, resulting in a combination effect of 1+1+1>3. Circum-Bohai-Sea port agglomerations connect the different rails, and the spatial differentiation and combination are becoming more and more complex. Circum-Bohai-Sea HSR will be integrated with “the economic corridor of China, Mongolia and Russia” under the background of “the Belt and Road” initiative.

Establishing a compensated rural homestead withdrawal mechanism has great practical significance of alleviating the imbalance between supply and demand for urban and rural land and promoting rural revitalization. Based on household surveys of farmers from 5 counties in Zhejiang and Sichuan, this paper focuses on examining the mechanism of how expectations influence farmers’ behaviour in homestead withdrawal by using moderating and mediating effects. Our research has found that: first, farmers with positive expectations about the future are more likely to withdraw from homesteads. According to the moderating test, farmers’ willingness of homestead withdrawal acts as a mediator between their expectations and homestead withdrawal behaviour. Second, the moderating test shows that the differentiation of farmers is a moderator variable between the willingness and behaviour of homestead withdrawal. Farmers with greater proportions of non-agricultural income are more likely to realize their will of homestead withdrawal into actual behaviour. We are able to conclude that: farmers’ expectations and households’ non-agricultural income share complement each other. An increase of non-agricultural employment or non-agricultural income share will increase the probability of homestead withdrawal among farmers with positive expectations and ability to afford homestead withdrawal. Therefore, we recommend that the government should stabilize farmers’ expectations of future and reduce the opportunity costs of withdrawing from rural homestead to make withdrawal more appealing and affordable to farmers. Relevant policies may include stabilizing farmers’ withdrawal expectations, increasing famers’ employment in non-agricultural sector, establishing a stable employment mechanism for farmers who withdrew from homesteads and providing employment preferential policies.

 The layout and utilization changes of rural residential areas are strongly connected with the socio-economic situations. Take Shanghai as an example, from the perspective of the function of production-living-ecological spaces, GIS spatial analysis, Entropy Weight method, and landscape ecology method were used in our study to determine the evolution of characteristics of rural residential areas in Shanghai. The results show that: (1) According to a functional evaluation of production-living-ecological spaces, Shanghai can be divided into four functional zones with particular endowment features. (2) spatial functions are the basis of the evolution of rural residential areas, under the influence of other socio-economic factors, it forms different evolution trend in different functional areas in 2005-2018. (3) As of 2018, the scale of rural residential areas in different zones is: Agricultural Production & Ecological Zone＞ Production Oriented Zone ＞Production-Living-Ecological Coordinated Zone; the shape regularity degree is: Production Oriented Zone ＞Production-Living-Ecological Coordinated Zone ＞ Agricultural Production & Ecological Zone; the distribution concentration degree is: Agricultural Production & Ecological Zone ＞ Production-Living-Ecological Coordinated Zone ＞ Production Oriented Zone. According to the results, combined with the requirements of “Urban master planning of Shanghai(2017-2035)”, the optimization strategies of rural residential area layout is proposed.  Our research is helpful to intuitively demonstrate the dynamic relationship between land use changes and socio-economic situations and promote the sustainable development of both rural and urban areas. 

As the urbanization processing rapidly, the spatial pattern of village and town settlement is transforming and reshaping. And it is of great significance to probe into the change of village and town settlement and the mechanism behind the phenomenon. In the work, based on the multi-temporal remote sensing images in 2000 and 2015, the spatial pattern characteristics of village and town settlement in Jiangsu province were analyzed by using the methods of nearest neighbor ratio, kernel density and spatial auto-correlation, and on the basis of the provincial and county scale the spatial change of settlement was discussed, and then the driving mechanism of driving force mechanism was constructed. Conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) On provincial scale, the distribution of village and town settlement is concentrate, but there is a weakening trend of the concentration. The regional difference is significant, since the western part of Jiangsu Province has higher density than the east, and in north the high density agglomeration is continuous while the south is fragmented. Overall, the density cores, especially the density cores in Southern Jiangsu, are shrinking obviously. (2) On county scale, the distribution of village and town settlement is concentrate still. However, the concentration is weakening from 2000 to 2015, which is consistent to the provincial aspect. The distribution of cold and hot spots is relatively scattered. The hot spots mainly distribute in Northern Jiangsu, while the cold spots locate in Southern Jiangsu only. Over time, the hot spots is expand and the cold spots is shrinking. So from the county aspect, the change of the hot and cold spots is both obvious in Southern and Northern Jiangsu. (3) In terms of evolution mechanism, natural geography, social economy, policy and other factors are all considered. However, from the degree of the change that factors made, transportation, urbanization and policy play the most important roles. These three factors account for the spatial change of village and town settlement in Jiangsu province from 2000 to 2015.

Based on the panel data of 29 cities in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration from 2006 to 2016, this paper evaluated the urban land use efficiency and analyzed its spatial-temporal differences by the super-efficient SBM model and the Malmquist model, and then used spatial econometric model to analyze the influencing factors of urban land use efficiency in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration. The aim was to promote the rational allocation of land and coordinated regional development. The results showed that: (1) From 2006 to 2016, the overall level of urban land use efficiency in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration was not high, showing a trend of declining first and rising later. The high-efficiency clusters were mainly distributed in the west of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, while the high-efficiency clusters in the east gradually migrated to the north. (2) The redundancy of input and undesired output in the process of urban land use was one of the main reasons for the loss of land use efficiency of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration. (3)The urban land use efficiency of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration had positive spatial autocorrelation. (4) The level of economic development and industrial structure had a significant role in promoting urban land use efficiency, while fiscal pressure and the urban real estate investment had an obvious inhibitory effect on improving urban land use efficiency. (5)The urban land use efficiency of the study area presented an obvious spatial spillover effect. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of urban land use, the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration should strengthen further the connection between cities, establish the linkage development mechanism, and enhance systematization and integrality of urban land use.

River-bed and various substrata provide diverse habitats for fish. With the purpose of revealing varies of fish assemblage which caused by changes of bottom substrate after river realignment, the difference of fish communities were compared before and after the river regulation in two typical habitats of the upstream Changjiang in 2017 and 2019, and the two habitats are the fast flowing riffle (depth<0.3 m, velocity>0.3 m/s) and slow flowing river (depth<0.4 m, velocity<0.3 m/s). The result indicates that there is no significant difference (P>0.05) in the number of fish species between the two surveys, though fishes in collection decreased from 24 to 17 species after the river realignment. However, fish community diversity and evenness are decreased significantly after the river realignment (P<0.05) except for the Marglef richness index in spring and summer. The values of Shannon-Weiner index, Simpson index, Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index were 1.623-2.253, 0.715-0.866, 1.680-3.109, 0.652-0.813 before the river regulation, 1.120-1.679, 0.528-0.724, 1.444-2.695, 0.508-0.722 after the river regulation, respectively. It was also found that the diameter of substrate on the riverbed decreased significantly (P<0.05), and so did the diversity of particle size. We speculated that the variations of fish community can be attributed to the decrease of habitat heterogeneity which is closely associated with riverbed structure. Therefore, to maintain the habitat heterogeneity, the selective removal of big size river-bed substrate should be avoided in the process of river realignment.

As the focus of research on the development of ecological civilization in the contemporary world, ecological carrying capacity plays a significant role in the scientific management of balance between the development of humans and that of nature. In this paper, with a total of 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province as the research units, the ecological carrying capacity model obtained after parameter modification is applied to calculate the overall and per capita ecological carrying capacity for the whole of Anhui Province and each individual city. In the meantime, mathematical statistical analysis is conducted to comparatively characterize the changes occurring to the ecological carrying capacity in Anhui Province between 1998 and 2018. Additionally, geographic probes are employed to investigate the difference made by various factors to the ecological carrying capacity in Anhui Province. The research results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the modified model parameters based on "provincial hectares" are clearly different from other scales, with the difference showing significance. Secondly, the ecological carrying capacity across the province shows an upward trend, while the per capita ecological carrying capacity shows a significant downward trend on a provincial level. For each individual city, its ecological carrying capacity varies significantly, which is different from other cities. The per capita ecological carrying capacity is highly polarized between different cities, with the upward and downward trends being different on the overall level. Thirdly, the ecological carrying capacity deteriorates to some extent for all cities studied, with the north of Anhui being notably advantageous over the south, which conforms to a distinctive spatial pattern of ‘uphill from the south to the north’. Lastly, among the influencing factors, the capacity of environmental governance, the model of economic development, the level of social development and others are on the increase, while the role of population pressure is weakened. Besides, the combined effect of dual factor is more significant compared to than a single one. In this sense, it is necessary to continue paying attention to how the ecological carrying capacity would change, optimize the ecological carrying capacity area in a sensible way, and ensure that the social and economic development is proportionate to the bottom line of resources supply.

Take Fuliang County of Jiangxi Province as the research area.Based on land use data and social and economic data, the evaluation system is constructed from three aspects: natural conditions, human activities and landscape pattern.The spatial and temporal differentiation of land ecological security in Fuliang County from 2000 to 2018 is studied by using the CRITIC-TOPSIS model.The obstacle degree model is used to analyze the main obstacle factors affecting the land ecological security in Fuliang County. The research results show that:(1) From 2000 to 2018, the land ecological security level in Fuliang County showed a small decline, and experienced a process from good to worse and then to better.(2) There are significant differences in the land ecological security conditions among towns in Fuliang County, and the reasons for the differences are also different.The relatively good areas are mainly concentrated in the east and the central -northern part, while the poor towns show the characteristics of clustering around the county and urban areas. Jiaotan Town and Xianghu Town show their particularity.(3) The land ecological security state of Fuliang County is affected by various obstacles. At different time nodes, the obstacles and the degree of action are not the same, and the relationship is complex.Water network density, topographic location index, soil and water coordination index, per capita cultivated land area four obstacle factors to the land ecological security of Fuliang County is more prominent factors.

To quantitatively evaluate the hydrological regime changes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the past 60 years, the trend and mutation of runoff were analyzed by the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and mean difference T test at the Yichang, Hankou and Datong gauge station from 1954 to 2016. Without considering the impact of evapotranspiration, the slope change ratio of cumulative quantity (SCRCQ) was adopted to estimate the impacts of precipitation and human activities. The hydrologic regime alteration degree of 32 hydrological indicators were finally studied by the range of variability approach (RVA).The results showed that :(1) there was no significant trend change of annual runoff in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the abrupt change was consistent with the impoundment time of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR); (2) the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir mainly affects the annual variation of runoff in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially the annual maximum of the runoff, and the impact degree decreases with the increase of distance from the reservoir; (3) the hydrological alteration degrees of Yichang, Hankou and Datong hydrologic stations were 55%, 46% and 32% respectively, and the hydrological regime of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River belonged to medium-high alteration generally; (4) the precipitation of climate change is the leading factor resulting to the change of annual runoff in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and its contribution degree accounts for about 70%, while the contribution degree of water draw, water conservancy projects and other human activities accounts for about 30%.

This study focuses on a small karst watershed named Xialaoxi in the junction zone of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River in western Hubei, and in-site measurements of aquatic environmental factors, water sample collection and indoor experiments were conducted biweekly in 2019 for 15 observation sites, to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and output loads from the watershed. The results showed that the total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in Xialaoxi were (1.46±0.05) mg/L and (0.02±0.04) mg/L, respectively, which were generally lower than those in other rivers of the Yangtze River Basin. The nitrogen concentration was higher in spring and summer while lower in autumn and winter, and the phosphorus concentration was higher in wet season than that in dry season, which was closely related to rainfall. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher in the upper reaches of the river, which were greatly affected by agricultural activities in the controlled watershed. There was significant spatial heterogeneity of nitrogen concentrations within the watershed. Phosphate concentrations were sensitive to human activities and domestic pollution near the river. The annual nitrogen and phosphorus loads of the watershed were 26.57 t and 0.25 t, respectively. They were mainly concentrated in spring and summer, contributing 82.0% of the annual nitrogen load and 83.9% of the annual phosphorus load separately. Nitrate and dissolved total phosphorus were the main forms of nitrogen and phosphorus loads, respectively. The proportion of particle phosphorus load to total phosphorus load in summer was significantly higher than that in other seasons due to rainfall erosion.

Taking the loess profile in the source region of Hanjiang River (Lijiahe village) and the Jialing River (Yangjiashan village) as the research object, explorated the weathering intensity of loess and its main attribution in soil taxonomy scientifically. The physical and chemical properties, grain size, element composition, aggregates of soil profile and so on were analyzed and compared. The results of experiment show that the soil weathering characteristics in this two river source regions are obviously different: (1)The soil aggregates in this two regions are mainly distributed in the range of 0.25~1 mm, but the contents of big aggregates (R_0.25 is 83.73%), the values of mean weight diamet (MWD is 2.17) and geometric mean diameter (GMD is 1.11) in the surface of the soil profile in the source region of Hanjiang River (LJH) are higher than Jialing River (YJS) respectively (R_0.25 is 69.81%, MWD is 1.06, and GMD is 0.47), so the soil aggregates of Hanjiang River are more stable, while the middle and lower parts of the soil profile are opposite. (2) Compared with the soil weathering in the source region of Jialing River, the source region of Hanjiang River shows a higher ratio of potassium to sodium and residual index, lower silicon and iron-aluminum ratio and leaching coefficient, stronger weathering and leaching loss of soluble elements such as calcium and sodium, besides, more aluminum rich clay minerals. The soil weathering in the source region of Jialing River is just in a transition from low strength to medium strength, while the soil weathering in the source region of Hanjiang River can reach medium intensity. Therefore, the weathering strength of the latter is much greater than that of the former. (3) According to the Soil Taxonomy, the soil developed from the loess parent material is classified as the Mot-Hap-Udic Luvisols in the source region of Hanjiang River, while it is classified as the Typ-Cal-Ustic Luvisols in the source region of Jialing River. 

Based on the meteorological observation data of the Shapingba (urban) and Beibei (suburban) sites in Chongqing City during the summer of 1959-2018 (June-August), explore the characteristics of the 60-year high temperature event in the urban area of Chongqing City, analyze the differences between the suburbs and the changes in the number of warm night days Features, and calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI) to explore the impact of humidity factors on human discomfort. The results show that: (1) The high temperature heat wave in the urban area of Chongqing showed a decreasing trend in the 1960s and 1980s, began to increase in the 1990s, and increased sharply after the 21st century. It reached its peak in the summer of 2006, with 23 days of heat wave. Based on the analysis of the difference between the two stations on the outskirts of the city, after 1997, the urbanization process has led to an increase in the daily average temperature and daily minimum temperature in the suburbs, indicating that the city has a significant effect of increasing temperature at night. The difference in relative humidity increases, and the humidity in urban areas decreases significantly. (2) The incidence of warm nights was significantly greater than that of daytime high temperature heat waves, and they existed stably. The highest number of warm nights occurred in 2013, reaching 33 days. During 2000-2009, the proportion of days with high temperature both during the day and night reached 35.73%, and increased to 55.89% in 2010-2018. The process of urbanization has a certain impact on the high temperature at night in the urban area of Chongqing. (3) In recent years, the number of days of high temperature and humidity in Chongqing has gradually increased. Humidity has a non-negligible effect on human comfort. Among all data with THI> 24, the proportion of days with relative humidity greater than 70% accounted for 22.51%; nighttime discomfort is greatly affected by humidity factors, and the proportion of days with relative humidity greater than 70% is 64.12%. Continued the hazards of daytime high temperature. 

It is a key issue in achieving the sustainable development goals that to deal with climate change, in which clarifying carbon emission responsibility is one of the difficulties. In order to provide a scientific theoretical basis for clarifying the responsibility of carbon emission and allocating carbon emission space reasonably, this paper provides a comprehensive review on the literature of the accounting of carbon emission responsibility from different perspectives, and analyzes the research status and trends of development in this field, and probes into the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Our study showed that most of the research on the accounting of carbon emission responsibility is from a single point of view, whereas each method has certain limitations. Such as production-based accounting method will lead to “carbon leakage” and consumption-based and income-based accounting method may weaken the driving force of carbon emission reduction of other subjects which should take responsibilities. The accounting method from the perspective of sharing responsibility develops rapidly, but it has not yet formed recognized scientific criteria of assessment, it needs further development. On the basis of the above research, we put forward some prospects for the future research. Firstly, expand the carbon responsibility accounting system with multi principles integration. For example, the principles of minimum carbon emissions demand and exempting carbon sinks should be included in the accounting system when calculating the responsibility of carbon emission at the provincial level. Secondly, innovate the carbon emission responsibility accounting scheme that shared by multiple responsible subjects. To some extent, it can make up for the limitations of a single accounting perspective, which has important practical value for balancing regional carbon emission responsibility and improving the overall efficiency of carbon emission reduction. Thirdly, explore the combination of the accounting of carbon emission responsibility and the allocation of carbon emission allowance. It is of great significance for breaking down the targets of carbon emission reduction scientifically.

Management of rural domestic waste is one of the important parts of the national rural revitalization strategy, and related to the fundamental well-being of rural residents. This paper is to study the impacts of household income and trust in villager leaders on households’ willingness to treat the domestic solid wastes in a way that is prescribed by the government. The study was based on a questionnaire survey of 465 households in catchment areas of Yudong Reservoir in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. A Double Hurdle Model is employed in this empirical study. The results show that 86.9% of households are willing to pay for the treatment of domestic solid wastes with an average willingness to pay of CNY45.616/year, which are fairly high. Household income and trust in villager leaders have positive impacts on households’ willingness to participate in and willingness to pay for treatment of domestic solid wastes. Trust in villager leaders has a reinforcing effect on the relationship between household income and their willingness to pay for the treatment of domestic solid wastes. More trust in villager leaders by householders, more impacts the household income will have on household willingness to pay. Moreover, personal and family characteristics such as householder age, number of persons to afford in a household, whether there is a village leader in the household, and number of persons in a household have effect on households’ willingness to participate in the treatment scheme. Comparing the results of households’ willingness to participate and willingness to pay, it can be concluded that there are differences in the direction and degree of influence of variables such as householder age, number of persons to afford in a household, whether there is a village leader, and area. This shows that household participation and household payment have two different mechanisms, and need to be treated differently to better understand rural households' willingness. Realizing the reasonable coordination of economic factors with household income as the core and non-economic factors with the trust in village leaders as the core is the key to promoting households' participation in rural domestic solid wastes management.

Rural waste governance is one of the important ways to improve rural living environment and satisfy the farmers' longing for a better life. The response and its degree of farmers investment will directly affect the effectiveness of rural waste governance. Based on micro-survey data from 989 farmers, this paper integrates environmental responsibility and policy cognition, which belong to the internal perception level, and institutional trust belonging to the external relationship level into a unified analysis framework, explores the impact mechanism of farmers' willingness and level of investment in rural waste governance, and then uses the Double Hurdle Model (DHM) for empirical tests. The results show that: Firstly, the farmers' willingness to invest in rural domestic waste governance is between 7.62 and 16.42 yuan a household per month, while the willingness to invest in rural production waste governance is between  134.62 and 435.08 yuan a hectare per quarter. Secondly, environmental responsibility and policy cognition positively affect the investment willingness of farmers in rural waste governance and the investment level of domestic waste governance. The policy cognition also significantly promotes the investment level of farmers in production waste governance. Thirdly, institutional trust directly affects the willingness of farmers to invest in waste governance. At the same time, it positively regulates the relationship between policy cognition and the investment willingness and investment level of rural waste governance. In addition, it plays a negative regulating role between environmental responsibility and investment willingness of waste governance. It is suggested that while perfecting relevant policies, we should strengthen environmental education, improve farmers' understanding of environmental policies, and enhance their environmental responsibility, so as to stimulate their enthusiasm for investment in rural waste governance.

The people's growing need for a better life has put higher demands on food output. The purpose of this paper is to scientific analyse the ideals of Eating-full and Eating-well, the theoretical analysis and GM model are used to predict the target of cultivated land protection, and to provide scientific reference for the strategic decision-making of cultivated land protection under the beautiful background of China in 2035. The results show that: (1) In the perfect ideal state of the theoretical hypothesis, the amount of cultivated land to meet the needs of Eating-full is 1.18×108 hm² , the amount of cultivated land needed to achieve Eating-well is 1.43×108 hm² respectively, which is difficult to meet the demand. Under the dual situation of Eating-full and Eating-well, the range of cultivated land is 1.25×108~1.38×108 hm² ; (2) In conclusion, as the core issue of food security in the context of China, “Eating-full and Eating-well” is the overall grasp of self-organization system of the national demand, social development and cultivated land resources in the process of spatiotemporal evolution; (3) There is a risk of insufficient demand for cultivated land in the population peak year of 2030 based on the perspective of quality of food demand. Implementing the strictest cultivated land protection system will still be the national policy that we must adhere to. Ensuring the "purity" of cultivated land quality will become an important direction for the transition of cultivated land protection.

New agricultural business entities can improve the level of agricultural specialization and scale, which is an important way to achieve green development of agriculture. In order to further explore its impact on the promotion of ecological agriculture technology, this study is based on a total of 930 micro survey data in Hubei, Hunan, and Anhui. Using the bivariate probit model and explanatory structure model, empirical analysis of the impact of new agricultural business entities on the promotion of ecological agricultural technology and its hierarchical relationship. This research shows:(1) The new agricultural business entity has a significant positive impact on the willingness and behavior of adopting rice and shrimp co-cultivation technology;(2) The willingness and behavior of agricultural cooperatives, large growers or family farms to adopt rice and shrimp co-cultivation technology are not significant, but the willingness and behavior of agricultural enterprises to adopt rice and shrimp co-cultivation technology have a significant positive impact;(3) In terms of impact level, Technical content, planting and breeding history and soil quality are the direct driving factors that affect the willingness and behavior of business entities to adopt,The age and topographical conditions are the deep-seated factors that affect the willingness and behavior of business entities to adopt.

With the in-depth reform of the agricultural land system, more non-collective members joined the ranks of agricultural operators. The emergence of diversified agricultural operators will have a great impact on the utilization of rural agricultural land, agricultural production and social forms in rural China. Based on the survey data of 617 rural households in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper uses the three-stage DEA model to measure the overall efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of different agricultural operators from the two aspects of output value and output. The following conclusions are obtained: from the perspective of scale efficiency, capital farms perform best in terms of output value, and family farms are better in terms of output; in terms of technical efficiency, traditional farmers are the best in terms of output values, while capital farms have the highest yields; In terms of efficiency, capital farms have the highest output value, and family farms have the highest output. The policy implication of the results is that if our policy goal is to pursue output value, it is still an effective choice for agricultural operators to expand their scale of operation, and capital farms have the highest efficiency; if we are seeking food production, then Family farms are currently the best choice.