Abstract: Through the collection and collation of the historical literature on drought and flood disasters in the Pearl River Basin from 1644-1911, the drought and flood level sequence of 268 a was reconstructed by the affected county. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the drought and flood sequence were analyzed by means of sliding average, cumulative anomaly, EEMD and IDW. The results show that the droughts and floods in the Pearl River Basin were frequent in the Qing Dynasty from 1644-1911, and the frequency of disasters was slightly more than that of droughts. The droughts and floods in the Pearl River Basin from 1644 to 1911 can be divided into three drought periods and two hemiplegia periods: 2 a and 5 a for the interannual change, 10 a and 24 a for the interdecadal change, as long as 134 a for the century change. In the Qing Dynasty, the flood-stricken disasters in the Pearl River Basin have obvious differences in spatial ratios, and overall flood disasters are more than drought disasters. The spatial distribution of drought disasters in the Pearl River Basin is uneven, and the overall decline from east to west. The frequency distribution of flood disasters is regionally connected, mainly in Guangdong, Jiangxi and central Yunnan.