Abstract: Using small watershed as sampling unit to carry out watershed landscape ecological risk assessment is of great significance in establishing early warning mechanism of watershed landscape ecological risk, improving watershed ecological environment and constructing ecological security pattern .Based on the land use data from 2000 to 2015, in the paper, the landscape ecological risk assessment model was constructed based on landscape pattern method, and the landscape ecological risk and spatial and temporal characteristics in Wujiang river basin in Guizhou province were evaluated and analyzed . The results showed that the landscape pattern of Wujiang River Basin changed significantly in the past 15 years and were showed as below: 1)The woodland area increased 2.85%, the wetland increased 0.13%, the cultivated land decreased 4.52%, the other land use increased 0.02%; 2)The ratio of block gold value to base value of landscape ecological risk during the year of 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 were individually 11.81%,12.05%,13.29%,14.04% and the change ranges during the year 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 were individually 10.9 km,22.8 km,10.7 km,12.8 km in Wujiang river basin.3)During the 15 years, different landscape ecological risk grades show different changing trend in area, among which, the area of the high and extremely high risk areas increased by 8.46% and 5.57% respectively; and the area of weak and low risk area decreased by 6.28% and 7.28% respectively. Therefore, because of the frequent human activities, the landscape ecological risk in the river basin is overall rising trend.