Abstract: Response of vegetation NPP to climate change is one of the key issues in the study of global change and terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. In this paper, vegetation NPP was estimated by CASA model in Jianghan Plain from 2000 to 2015, and the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of vegetation NPP and its relativities with climatic factors were quantitatively studied by linear regression and pixel correlation analysis. Results are summarized as follows: (1) Total annual NPP ranged from 25.43 to 29.76 TgC in Jianghan Plain from 2000 to 2015, and showing an increasing trend of fluctuation. (2) The spatial distribution pattern of NPP in Jianghan Plain is obviously uneven, forming a series of high value and low value centers, which was consistent with the attenuation trend of “hills-plain-river-city”. (3) The correlation coefficients between NPP and annual precipitation, and annual mean temperature were 0.183 7 and 0.498 5, respectively; and the significant test of correlation coefficient indicated that the yield of NPP in Jianghan Plain has a weak correlation with annual precipitation, but a positive correlation with annual mean temperature. (4) The area with positive correlation between NPP and annual precipitation and annual mean temperature accounted for 69.19% and 83.41% of the total area, respectively, mainly distributed in the agricultural region in the abdomen of Jianghan Plain, which indicated that the yield of NPP in the agricultural region of Jianghan Plain was strongly dependent on the annual precipitation and annual mean temperature.