Abstract: Improving environmental quality is an important connotation and inevitable requirement for economic development with high quality. Based on the two perspectives of environmental pollution and environmental absorption, this paper USES SDM model to analyze the influencing factors and spatial effects of national and regional environmental quality based on the comprehensive assessment of environmental pollution index and absorption index based on the comprehensive atmospheric, soil and water environment factors. Research findings:(1) the spatial agglomeration features of environmental quality are obvious, regional imbalance is prominent, and the trend of environmental deterioration has not been fundamentally reversed; (2) high proportion of heavy industry is the main reason for low environmental quality; (3) the environmental quality and economic development in the eastern region gradually tend to be coordinated, but the population agglomeration has brought great negative impacts on the environment. The development mode of “high investment, high energy consumption, high pollution and low efficiency” in central and western regions has become a constraint to improve environmental quality. Finally, according to the characteristics of different regions, this paper puts forward the differentiated environmental governance path of the integration“hard governance” and “soft governance”.