Abstract: The scientific and orderly exploitation of port coastline resources is an important way to support the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Based on the data of high-resolution remote sensing image and chemical enterprises along the Yangtze river, we select the coastline of the Yangtze River trunk stream and investigate the exploitation of port coastline resources and its spatial effects along the Yangtze river by means of GIS and other technical methods. The research shows that the port coastline is the main type of exploitation of the Yangtze River coastline and there are quite differences in the exploitation intensity and efficiency of the upstream and downstream port coastline. The exploitation intensity of Jiangsu port coastline is the highest, while that of Chongqing and Sichuan is relatively low. The exploitation efficiency of Suzhou port coastline is always at the highest level, while that of Jingzhou port coastline is always at the lowest level, and the exploitation efficiency of individual port coastline fluctuates. In general, chemical enterprises within 5km along the Yangtze River are most significantly affected by the spatial effects of port coastline exploitation, but their influence scope and intensity are obviously different in different areas of the upper, middle and lower reaches along the Yangtze River.