Abstract: There exists an extremely complex dynamic coupling relationship between urbanization and eco-environment, which indicates that urbanization has a strong coercing effect on eco-environment, and eco-environment has a lagged constraint force on urbanization. How to realize the coordinated development of urbanization and eco-environment has become a hot topic in recent years at home and aboard. This paper establishes the comprehensive evaluation index system on urbanization and eco-environment evaluation system, based on the data of nine provinces and two cities of the Yangtze river economic belt from 2000 to 2017. The results show that in terms of time series, the coordination between urbanization and ecological environment in the Yangtze river economic belt has been on a steady rise from 2000 to 2017, and the whole area is in a good coupling and coordination stage. At the beginning of the study, the comprehensive index of ecological environment was higher than the comprehensive index of urbanization. At the end of the study, the comprehensive index of urbanization was higher than the comprehensive index of ecological environment. In the spatial pattern, the coordinated development trend of the two has the spatial difference characteristic of decreasing from the eastern region to the central and western regions. There is an interactive stress relationship between urbanization and ecological environment in the Yangtze river economic belt. The spatial distribution of the dynamic coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological environment exists in all provinces and cities in the Yangtze river economic belt region. The urbanization level is higher in economically developed areas, while the ecological environment in economically less developed areas is at greater risk of deterioration.