Abstract: The human-land linking system is an important innovation to promote the optimized allocation of labor force and land distribution between urban and rural areas, and plays an important role in solving the imbalance between population urbanization and land urbanization. Started from the analysis of the relationship between population urbanization and land urbanization under the framework of China’s special system and mechanism, this study constructed an index system based on the human-land linking urbanization coordinated development model, used the elastic coefficient method and gravity movement model to analyze the coordination of population urbanization and land urbanization in the upper stream of the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2009 to 2016. The results showed that (1) in the study area population urbanization and land urbanization have achieved remarkable results, and the spatial clustering characteristics have been gradually manifested; (2)the western region had a faster development in population urbanization, while the eastern was opposite, urban agglomeration in central Guizhou is the hot spot of population urbanization and land urbanization, but land urbanization developed faster, which showed a trend of unbalanced urbanization development; (3)population urbanization and land urbanization were basically in a state of coordinated development, and the coordination has significantly improved. Therefore, in order to achieve coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization, the western should promote population urbanization in an orderly manner and strictly control land urbanization, meanwhile, the eastern, especially urban agglomeration in central Guizhou, should put an end to the ‘large-scale development’, raise the level of population urbanization by developing the industrial and promoting the urban charm.