Abstract: Abstract：Strategic emerging industries have become the driving force for economic growth with the background of New Normal of China’s economy, while rare light metals have provided core competitiveness for improving the international status and level of strategic emerging industries. In this paper, we learn from the European Union criticality methodology to assess criticality of lithium and beryllium between 2009 and 2016 from three assessment components：supply risk, environment risk and economic risk. The results show that: （1)Lithium presents a relatively low level in the supply risk, a high risk level in the environmental risk, and a higher level in the economic risk with drastic fluctuation during the period 2013-2015, having a high risk.(2）Compared with lithium, beryllium is at a higher risk level in the three risk dimensions. In general, the critical assessment results of lithium and beryllium have reached the critical benchmark value, and we should pay adequate attention to the construction of dynamic criticality assessment mechanism.