Abstract: Based on the data surveyed on 1 237 peasant households in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu located on the Loess Plateau, this paper analyzes the spatial difference due to the soil and water conservation tillage technologies adopted by the farmers, with the assistance of the Heckman sample selection model, it studies farmers adoption behavior and the influencing factors in these three provinces. The result showed that: firstly, the regional difference is obvious in terms of farmers adopt the soil and water conservation tillage technology in the above provinces, farmers in Shanxi prefer to adopt straw ploughing and subsoiling, farmers in Shaanxi prefer to adopt moderate or non-tillage and groove ridge planting, while in Gansu, farmers prefer to adopt straw ploughing, stubble mulching, plastic film mulching and subsoiling. Secondly, family income has a significant positive effect on the adoption and adoption degree in these provinces. The proportion of non-agricultural income has a significant positive effect on the adoption of soil and water conservation tillage technology. The adoption degree is negatively affected by livestock. Thirdly, precipitation has a significant negative effect on the adoption behaviors in the three provinces. The parcels type has a significant negative impact on the adoption and adoption degree with this technology in Shanxi and Shaanxi, but no significant effect exists in Gansu province. Fourthly, social network has a significant positive impact on the adoption degree with the soil and water conservation tillage technology in the three provinces. The technology promotion has increased the adoption rate. The government subsidies have a significant positive effect on the adoption degree of soil and water conservation tillage technology in Shanxi and Gansu provinces, while no significant effect exists in Shaanxi province.