Abstract: The twig functional traits and their variations of woody plants are important parameters reflecting the environmental adaptation of plants. The wild populations and cultivated populations of Pinus dabeshanensis, a rare and endangered plant, lived in different habitats for a long time, whether there are significant variations in twig functional traits remains unclear. In this study, two wild populations and two cultivated populations of P. dabeshanensis in Dabie Mountains in Yuexi and Jinzhai Counties in Anhui Province were selected as target, based on field investigation and sampling, the differences in twelve twig functional traits (including morphology, biomass and water content) and their covariant characteristics among different populations were comparably analyzed. The result showed that the variation coefficients of all twig functional traits ranged from 0.054 to 0.419, and wild populations generally presented higher values than cultivated populations. All twig functional traits showed obvious differences among different populations; thereinto, at twig level the stem diameter, stem area, branch number, diameter at breast height, needle length, stem biomass and twig biomass of cultivated young plants were the lowest in four populations, but they had the highest stem length and needle to stem biomass ratio. The cultivated adult plants represented the highest stem diameter, stem area and water contents of stems and needles. The wild population in Yuexi County had the lowest stem length while the other functional traits showed the middle size. The wild plants in Jinzhai County exhibited the highest needle length but the stem water content, needle biomass and needle to stem ratio were the lowest. The covariant characteristics of twig traits in different population of P. dabeshanensis were not all the same, but there were eight traits represented the same covariant tendency among different populations. Consequently, although the twig functional traits of P. dabeshanensis in different habitats had strong variability, their covariant relationship presented intraspecific conservatism to an extent.