Abstract: Based on the socialization of peasants, the paper analyzes the main factors that may hinder small-scale farmers from responding to the external demands for low-carbon agriculture, and puts forward some proposals to promote lower-carbon agriculture. By analyzing the response characteristics of socializing household farmers to the lower-carbon agriculture orientation, a conceptual model is built based on the theory of planned behavior to analyze the path of socializing peasants’ lower-carbon management, and then two survey questionnaires were conducted in five districts of Tongshan, Huangpi, Ezhou, Jiangxia and Caidian of Hubei province. The surveys show that only a part of peasants have conducted lower-carbon managements mainly by reducing carbon emissions, and seldom can conduct lower-carbon management by increasing carbon sequestration. Further more some lower-carbon management behaviors may not be driven by lower-carbon willingness, which can be called unconscious lower-carbon behaviors. It means there is a  certain degree of deviation between lower-carbon willingness and lower-carbon behavior . The fitting results of the SEM model also verified the view. The conversion ability or probability of samples' lower-carbon intention to lower-carbon behavior is only 0.34, which is really limited because farmers think they may lack the ability to evade market risks and obtain considerable income. Besides samples’ original intention of lower-carbon management is to ensure their own food security and ecological environment security. The fitting results also show the factor of ‘subjective normative’ does not have sufficient impact on farmers' low-carbon behavior because the rules of collective action of peasant households are becoming less efficient under the socialization of peasants. Some proposals can be put forward to raise the conversion rate of lower-carbon intention to lower-carbon behavior and promote the transformation from the unconscious lower-carbon behaviors to conscious ones, including broadening socializing peasants’ cognizance of lower-carbon management, strengthening collective conscious by rebuilding farmers’ sense of belonging and mission to their hometown and reconstructing the spatial order of rural society, enhancing peasants’ perceived behavioral control ability to lower-carbon management by speeding up the transfer of farmland, cultivating new professional farmers, and promoting carbon sink trading.