Abstract: Ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the types and qualities of ecosystem, community structures，pland biodiversity and soil nutrient recovery conditions were comprehensively assessed at the most severely affected areas. Through the Remote interpretation of ecosystem types, the sample survey of ground vegetation, the inversion of GPP and LAI, as well as the determination of the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil. The results exhibited that the regional ecological system generally tends to incline towards stability and positive recovery according to the remote sensing interpretations. Although the bare surface area assessed in 2017 was higher compared to the one before the earthquake in 2007, the decrease in number is relative to the post-earthquake one in 2008. In terms of ecosystem quality, the average values received from GPP and LAI continuously rose after 2014 though quite slowly. It reflected the overall resilience of the regional ecosystem. However, some of the forest ecosystems damaged by the earthquake still have not returned to the original state. A part of the farmland in the Chengdu Plain has been converted into an urban construction land. By 2017 in the earthquake-damaged area, there was a significant increase in the number of plant species, dominated by pioneer species, such as Rosaceae, Compositae, and Gramineae, similar results as to those in 2009. The community structure found at the earthquake-damaged area has been well restored. In terms of vertical stratification, the community structure of the remaining areas has formed three layers of trees-shrub-herb, noting that there is only one layer of herb or shrub and herb combination in the arid valley area. Generally, the soil fertility condition at the control spot was proved healthier compared to the impaired areas where the situation continued to deteriorate. The bare soil area that was caused by the earthquake has shown an acceleration in the mineralization process, increasing content of available nutritional elements in the impaired sites achieved short-term yet the loss of nutrients and soil fertility proved to be taxing long-term. Hence, there have been formulations of numerous suggestions: Based on strengthening the supervision of geological hazards and preventing secondary disasters, the natural vegetation must be dominated by natural restoration in the high precipitation areas of Western China, in front of Longmen Mountain. The arid valley area is able to adapt the appropriate artificial restoration measures which follow the principle of "adaptation to local conditions and matching trees with the site", Meanwhile, the improvement of soil nutrient conditions and the promotion of vegetation restoration must be given more emphasis and attention. In the process of urban construction, on the other hand, the land and space management and essential farmland protection must be strengthened, so as the red line of ecological protection, as well as all kinds of protected areas, including basic farmland.