Abstract: Considering the impact of environmental factors on the efficiency of tourism industry is a hot issue in current tourism research. Based on the total amount of tourism carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2011 to 2017, this paper uses traditional DEA model and non-radial SBM model to analyze the impact of carbon emissions on tourism industry efficiency, and further explores the spatial and temporal dynamics of tourism industry efficiency and its impact mechanism under the constraint of carbon emissions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1）The total carbon emissions of tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Zone are increasing year by year, and Shanghai has always maintained the largest, followed by Sichuan Province, while Anhui Province is the only province whose total carbon emissions have declined; and (2）carbon emissions have a certain negative impact on the efficiency of tourism industry. In terms of time series, the comprehensive efficiency of tourism industry is low under the environmental constraints of the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Guizhou Province has always been in an efficient state, and Shanghai has fallen considerably. From the perspective of spatial pattern, the spatial differences between upstream and downstream areas are large, and the middle reaches are shrinking gradually. The main reason lies in the uncoordinated development of decomposition indicators, especially the scale efficiency. (3）From the perspective of influencing factors, tourism economic development level, the specialization degree of tourism industry,urbanization level and energy consumption level have a significant positive impact on the efficiency of tourism industry under the constraints of carbon emissions,among which the specialization degree of tourism industry and urbanization level has greater impact. However, the level of industrial capital and transportation development is not conducive to the improvement of tourism industry efficiency under the constraints of carbon emissions.