Abstract: Based on mathematical derivation, this paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework between farmers' green production technology benefit cognition and adoption behavior, and uses the 946 field research data obtained in the main grain producing area of the Yangtze River in August 2017 to build Heckman. The sample selection model and the binary Probit model analyze the effects of benefit perception on the adoption behavior of green production technologies. The research results show that (1) farmers' perceptions of different benefits of green production technology have different effects on their adoption behavior and adoption level. Farmers' adoption of green production technology is significantly positively affected by social benefit perception and ecological benefit perception. The degree of adoption is significantly positively affected by economic benefit perception and social benefit perception. (2) Farmers' influence on the green production technology of different production links is affected by different benefits. The adoption behavior of prenatal green production technology is significantly positively affected by the recognition of economic benefits and social benefits; the adoption behavior of green production technology in production is significantly positively affected by the recognition of social benefits; and the green production technology of postpartum links is adopted. It is significantly positively affected by social benefit perception and ecological benefit perception. Based on this, this paper believes that the government agricultural technology promotion department should select the training objects and training content when conducting green product technology publicity and training.