Abstract: The treatment of rural domestic waste is a key part of building ecologically livable and beautiful village. In order to improve its governance effect, it is necessary to introduce the dual forces of village regulations and social supervision, thereby establish a complete regulatory system including social supervision. By integrating village regulations and social supervision into a unified analytical framework, this article discusses the impact of village regulations and social supervision on farmers’ participation behavior in the centralized treatment of domestic waste, and then further analyzes how village regulations will affect farmers’ behavior of participation in domestic waste centralized disposal under different context considering that there are three supervisory subjects. According to research, three conclusions can be drawn as follows:（1） Village regulations play a significant role in promoting farmers’ participation in the centralized treatment of domestic waste. Among them, the punishment and regulation mechanism of the folk conventions have important influence, however, its value orientation mechanism failed to play its due function, as well as and the transmission and internalization, indicating that there is a phenomenon of "relative system failure" in the village rules. （2） Social supervision has a positive impact on farmers' participation in the centralized treatment of domestic waste. Village cadres, villagers’ neighborhoods, and cleaners are the backbone of supervision. The social supervision grid formed by them can effectively restrain the garbage disposal behavior of farmers. Among them, the neighborhood’s supervision work best. （3）Social supervision plays a moderating role between village regulations and farmers' participation in the centralized treatment of domestic waste. Due to that social supervision integrates the advantages of different groups, it makes up for the defects of the village regulations, thus enhancing the binding force of the village regulations on famers’ participation behavior centralized treatment of household garbage.