Abstract: Three soil profiles (yellow soil, red loam and red soil) from Jiulongjiang river catchment were selected to research. The results showed that the total rare earth elements (ΣREEs) of red soil and red loam were in the following order of different depths: leaching layer＜sedimentary layer＜semi-weathered layer, and the enrichment of REEs in semi-weathered layer was closely related to the leaching during pedogenesis. ΣREEs in leaching and sedimentary layers of yellow soil profile was significantly higher than that of the semi-weathered layer, which may be related to agricultural activities in shallow soil. The shale-normalized REEs pattern displayed obvious negative anomalies of Eu in all soil profiles, which may attribute to the inheritance of negative Eu anomalies in parent rock and the change of soil redox environment. Positive Ce anomalies in yellow soil and red soil profiles may be caused by the difference during weathering process. Initial soil REEs concentration in Jiulong river catchment is mainly determined by soil parent material, and soil mineral composition and physical/chemical properties affected the migration and fractionation of soil REEs. The higher composition of oxide minerals, higher clay content and organic matter content in soil are more conducive to the enrichment of REEs.