Abstract: Low-carbon agriculture is an important practice of green development concept in agriculture, and technological progress is an important factor to promote agricultural carbon emission reduction. Based on the panel data of China's main grain producing areas from 2008 to 2019, this paper firstly calculates the rebound effect of agricultural carbon emissions caused by technological progress, further discusses its formation mechanism and characteristics. The results show that: (1) There are obvious differences in the agricultural carbon emissions among various regions, and displays an obvious ‘up-down’ phase-change characteristic. (2) On the one hand, agricultural technological progress can reduce the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions. On the other hand, agricultural technological progress can promote agricultural economic growth, increase agricultural resources investment, increase agricultural carbon emissions, resulting in a rebound effect. (3)Agricultural carbon emissions in main grain producing areas generally have rebound effect, and some provinces have tempering effect. There are differences among various regions and various years. Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the rebound effect of agricultural carbon emission in main grain producing areas.