Abstract: Alternanthera philoxeroides is an exotic perennial weed whose invasion has caused great damage to our ecosystem and socio-economy. To effectively observe and assess the extent of the invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides on abandoned farmlands, the Chi-square test, association coefficient, match coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and Gordon M's stability measure were used to study the interspecific association and community stability in 60 plots with a specification of 1 m ×1 m (20 each for 1 year of abandonment, 3 years of abandonment and 5 years of abandonment) set up in Jianghan Plain Lake Area.The results indicated that：(1)The number of species in the communities abandoned for 1 year was 62 belonging to 32 families and 57 genera, in the communities abandoned for 3 years was 61 belonging to 26 families and 54 genera and in the communities abandoned for 5 years was 49 belonging to 23 families and 45 genera. Gramineae and Asteraceae were the main species in the three communities, where the dominance of Alternanthera philoxeroides and Echinochloa crusgalli was remarkable.Compared to 1 year of abandonment, the dominance of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides in the communities increased by 3.031% and 8.408% in 3 and 5 years of abandonment, respectively. (2)From the VR value, there was a non-significant negative association for the invasive communities of Alternanthera philoxeroides for 1 year of abandonment and a significant positive association for both 3 and 5 years of abandonment. Chi-square tests and AC values showed that Alternanthera philoxeroides, Echinochloa crusgalli, and Cynodon dactylon were similarly adapted to environmental conditions, and the remaining species were less resistant to Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion. (3)Chi-square tests and Spearman rank correlation analysis reflected that the three types of Alternanthera philoxeroides invasive communities were loosely linked between species pairs and relatively independent between species. The community stability results showed that the intersection coordinates of the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year communities were (32.52, 67.48), (32.93, 67.07) and (32.09, 67.91), respectively, all three of which were some distance from the ideal stability point coordinates (20, 80), indicating that there was more intense competition among the populations.Therefore, it is recommended that alternative control methods should be used in the restoration and management of abandoned farmlands, with Echinochloa crusgalli and Cynodon dactylon as alternative species for the integrated management of Alternanthera philoxeroides in abandoned farmlands.