Abstract: Green development is an important factor for the tourism sustainability.The green development efficiencyof tourism industry is a significant standard for the implementation of green developmentin tourism industry. This study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and the evolution trend of green development efficiency in China’s urban tourism industry from 2010 to 2019. Simultaneously, the Dagum Gini coefficient was employed to analyze the spatial differences and the sources of green development efficiency in China’s urban tourism industry. Finally, the spatial Durbin model was used to analyze the spatial spillover effect of the influencing factors. The following results were found: (1) The green development efficiency of China’s urban tourism industry during the study period demonstrated a fluctuating trend, “W” development trend, and a significant spatial agglomeration feature. (2) There was a phenomenon of “club convergence” in the green development efficiency of the urban tourism industry, which indicated the challenges in achieving the leapfrog development in the short run. The retrogression risk of high-efficiency cities was higher than that of other grades, mainly moving down toward higher efficiency. (3) The overall Gini coefficient of the green development efficiency decreased slightly, but it exhibited strong fluctuations, and the stage characteristics were obvious. Before 2013, the spatial difference showed a gradually expanding trend, followed by a relatively significant decreasing trend from 2014 to 2017, and finally a slightly expanding trend. Regional differences contributed significantly to the overall differences in green development efficiency. (4) The specialization level of tourism industry and traffic accessibility had a positive spillover effect, while the economic development level had a negative spillover effect. Finally, based on the conclusions, the corresponding suggestions were put forward, which were of great significance in promoting the high-quality development of the urban tourism industry in China.