Abstract: The matching of ecosystem services supply and demand reflect the degree of coordination between regional ecological and socio-economic development. It is significant to reveal its spatial heterogeneity and dominant drivers for the synergistic development of ecology and agriculture in agricultural production areas. Taking the Four Lakes Basin in Hubei Province as the research object, ArcGIS、InVEST model and geographic probe to quantitatively measure the supply and demand matching status. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution patterns of the ecosystem services in low-value supply areas and high-value demand areas mainly located in the highly urbanized areas in the western part of the basin. (2) Except for carbon sequestration services, other ecosystem services cmeet the internal demand of the basin, and the comprehensive supply-demand ratio of the basin is 0.28, which is in surplus. (3) The supply-demand ratio for each ecosystem service show spatial variability, the cold spots of water purification services was not significant, while the cold spots of other services concentrated in the highly urbanized western areas. The hot spots of services distributed in the dense areas of wetland and cultivated land. (4) Construction land and cultivated land the dominant factors affecting the balance of supply and demand between hotspot and coldspot of ecosystem services in the Sihu Lake Basin, respectively. It is significant to balance the area of cultivated land and construction land, increase the area of wetlands to achieve the balance of supply and demand in the basin. The results can provide scientific support for ecosystem conservation and sustainable use of land resource in Sihu Lake Basin and other similar agricultural basins.