Abstract: On the basis of systematic analysis of the non-linear impact of agglomeration of agricultural product processing industry on environmental pollution and the regulatory mechanism of digital economy, this paper used the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020 to measure the level of agglomeration of agricultural industry and environmental pollution index, by the entropy method and location entropy index. The panel fixed effect model was used to empirically test the impact mechanism of agglomeration of agricultural industry and the moderating effect of the digital economy. The research results indicated that there was a significant "inverted U-shaped" curve relationship between agglomeration of agricultural industry and environmental pollution. The digital economy had a significant inhibitory and regulatory effect on the process of agglomeration of agricultural industry. The regional heterogeneity test showed that the role of agglomeration in environmental pollution in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was on the left side of the "inverted U-shaped" curve, indicating that the improvement of agglomeration was exacerbating environmental pollution. The role of agglomeration in downstream areas shifted to the right side of the "inverted U-shaped" curve, indicating an inhibitory effect on environmental pollution. However, the development of agricultural industry in upstream areas was still relatively weak, The promoting effect on environmental pollution had not yet emerged; The digital economy in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River played a significant inhibitory role in the process of agglomeration of agricultural industry, with a significant regulatory effect, while the regulatory effect in the middle and lower reaches was not significant.In view of this, we should vigorously develop the primary and intensive processing of agricultural products, accelerate the ecological and intensive development of agricultural products processing industry, and promote the ecological civilization through digital upgrading.