Abstract: The Yangtze River Midstream Urban Agglomeration is an important growth pole for China's high-quality development. Identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving forces of land spatial pattern evolution under different economic development gradients in this region is of great significance for optimizing the land spatial pattern and promoting regional coordinated development. This study utilized methods of land spatial transfer matrix, standard deviation ellipse, kernel density analysis, and spatial econometric models to reveal the characteristics and driving mechanisms of land spatial pattern evolution in the study area, during the period of 1990-2020. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The proportions of different land spatial types in the study area were ranked from high to low in terms of ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space. The changes in land spatial pattern varied significantly under different development stages. (2) The competition among urban, agricultural, and ecological spaces formed a land spatial pattern of "increase in one, decrease in two". The improvement of economic development stages, the transformation patterns among different land spatial types became more complex and diverse. The farmland and green space were more prone to loss. (3) The urban space changed from a small number of main cores and unclear agglomeration characteristics to multiple core diffusion and an increase in high-value areas, with more drastic changes in the center of gravity; The agricultural space demonstrated an increase in the number of sub-cores, a significant decrease in high-value areas, a higher degree of spatial fragmentation, and a relatively stable change in the center of gravity; The kernel density of ecological space changed from spatial concentration to spatial fragmentation, especially in the northwest region. (4) The formation of land spatial pattern was driven by multiple factors including nature, population, and economy. The degree and direction of these factors' influence on different spaces varied. According to this study, it was necessary to fully consider the future development orientation of the Yangtze River Midstream Urban Agglomeration, strengthen land spatial classification management, and coordinate the driving factors of land spatial pattern, in an attempt to provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the coordinated, healthy, and sustainable development of the "three zones" in the study area in the new era.