Abstract: Green urbanization is an inevitable choice for China to deeply promote the new type of urbanization and ecological civilization; Rocky desertification is the key factor restricting the social and economic development of karst area in southwest China. It is of great practical significance for the new type of urbanization and regional coordinated development of China to deeply analyze the coupling coordination relationship between green urbanization and the evolution of rocky desertification, and to explore their interactive promotion mechanism. This paper measured the coupling coordination level of green urbanization and rocky desertification at the county scale, analyzed the spatial pattern characteristics, and identified the main obstacle factors. The coupling coordination model, GIS spatial analysis and obstacle degree model were used. The results showed that: (1) During 2015-2020, the coupling coordination level of green urbanization and rocky desertification in the study area was generally low. (2) The order of spatial pattern of coupling coordination was central > eastern > western. HH cluster counties were mostly concentrated in Guiyang and expanded to the north. The LL cluster counties were mainly distributed in the west of Guizhou. (3) During the study period, the coupling coordination degree of a line from Daozhen County to Ceheng County increased significantly, and decreased to the southeast and northwest. (4) The obstacle factors of the coupling coordination degree mainly came from the green urbanization system, and the influence of the rocky desertification system was gradually decreasing. The eastern part of Guizhou Province was greatly affected by the green urbanization system. The western part and Daozhen county - Ceheng County were greatly affected by the rocky desertification evolution system. (5) The organic integration of green urbanization construction and rocky desertification control should be strengthened in southwest karst area. According to the main obstacle factors of each county, it was suggested that the differentiated coupling and coordinated development path be explored, to achieve the high-level coupling and coordinated development of green urbanization and rocky desertification.