Abstract: Well-facilitated capital farmland construction is a key measure to consolidate and improve the sustainable food production capacity and to ensure national food security. Based on panel data from 31 provinces from 2001 to 2019, this paper used the "quasi-natural experiment" to conduct impacts of well-facilitated capital farmland construction policies. By constructing continuous double and multiple difference models, this paper identified the single and coupling effects of land empowerment, facility empowerment, and capital empowerment on sustainable food production capacity and explored the impact mechanism and heterogeneity. The results showed that (1) land empowerment, facility empowerment, and capital empowerment significantly improved the sustainable production capacity of food, and the results were still significant after considering possible endogeneity and excluding policy interference factors; (2) The coupling effect of land empowerment, facility empowerment, and capital empowerment was significantly better than the single effect, which was found to potentially increase the sustainable food production capacity by 158.5%; (3) The impact of land empowerment, facility empowerment, and capital empowerment on the sustainable production capacity of grain varied in terms of high standard farmland construction level and geographical location; (4) Land empowerment and facility empowerment enhanced the efficiency of resource allocation and promoted sustainable food production capacity, however,  financial empowerment failed to pass the significance tests. The government should promote and improve the mechanism for constructing well-facilitated capital farmland, revitalize well-facilitated capital farmland, and ensure sustainable food production.