Abstract: Agricultural non-point source pollution has become one of the serious threats to the water ecological environment in the Plain River-net Area of China. Strengthening the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution is fundamental to fostering high-quality development in this region. Considering the unique environmental dynamics and characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Plain River-net Area, the implementation of appropriate technologies is necessary for effectively mitigating non-point source pollution. This study examines the pollution characteristics and challenges related to controlling agricultural non-point source pollution in China's Plain River-net Area, taking into account the region's landform characteristics and development of agriculture. Specifically, it analyzes pollution issues associated with the planting industry, livestock and poultry breeding industry, aquaculture industry, and rural domestic sewage. Emphasizing the importance of safeguarding water environment security, the study particularly focuses on understanding the processes of nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Subsequently, various agricultural non-point source pollution control technologies were introduced and compared for various pollution stages within planting industry, livestock and poultry breeding industry, aquaculture industry, and rural domestic sewage in the plain river network areas. Using a typical agricultural region in the Plain River-net Area as a case study, this study proposed a technical route for selecting appropriate technology and comprehensive governance schemes for pollution control, with an assessment of environmental and economic benefits. Finally, the study provides recommendations and future prospects for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Plain River-net Area, including the reinforcement of monitoring, expansion of research, and innovation in technologies for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution.