Abstract: Hubei Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which possesses many lakes.In recent years, some lakes faced increasingly ecological environment problems, such as water quality decline and aquatic ecosystem degradation.In this study, the four largest lakes (Honghu, Liangzi Lake, Futou Lake, and Changhu) were selected for investigation.The results showed that the water quality of all four lakes showed different degrees of deterioration from 2016 to 2023.Among them, the water quality of Honghu Lake experienced the most significant deterioration, and the classification of surface water environmental quality standard dropped from Class III in 2016 to Class V.The total phosphorus and permanganate index were the main parameters that exceeded the standards.The survey conducted in the spring and summer in 2023 showed that Honghu Lake was in a moderate eutrophication state.Changhu Lake was in a mild eutrophication state, and Liangzi Lake and Futou Lake were in a moderate to mild eutrophication state.The biodiversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic animals in the four lakes was at a relatively low level.This assessment showed that the water ecological environment quality of Honghu Lake was poor, Liangzi Lake and Futou Lake were in average level, and Changhu Lake was poor in spring and in average in summer.