Abstract: In the context of global climate warming, the contribution of agricultural carbon emissions cannot be ignored.Improving the carbon emission efficiency of cultivated land use from the perspective of farmers is the key entry points to achieve the reduction in cultivated land use carbon emission.Based on the micro survey data of farmers in Changde City of Hunan Province, the evaluation index system of farmers' livelihood capital was constructed with reference to the sustainable livelihood analysis framework.The impact of farmers' livelihood capital on carbon emission efficiency of cultivated land use was analyzed by using the stochastic frontier production function model.The results showed that: (1) The overall livelihood capital level of farmers in the study area was not high with obvious differences.The average livelihood capital was only 0.102, which was superior in material capital, human capital and social capital, while there was a need for the natural capital and financial capital to be strengthened; The degree of non-agricultural farmers was high, whose livelihood strategies were mainly part-time and non-agricultural.The structure of livelihood capital of farmers with different livelihood strategies was different.The order of livelihood capital level was: part-time farmers (0.111)> agricultural leading farmers (0.107)> non-agricultural leading farmers (0.093).(2) Livelihood capital had an impact on the cultivated land use carbon emission efficiency.Different livelihood capital structure of different livelihood strategies types had different impacts on the cultivated land use carbon emission efficiency: For agricultural leading farmers, the cultivated land use carbon emission efficiency was mainly positively affected by five livelihood capital; For part-time farmers, it was mainly positively affected by material capital and financial capital; For non-agricultural leading farmers, it was mainly positively affected by material capital and social capital and was negatively affected by human capital.(3)The impact of specific indicators of livelihood capital of different livelihood strategies types was also different.In conclusion, the targeted policies for different types of farmers based on their livelihood capital should be encouraged to improve the carbon emission efficiency of cultivated land use, which included the enhancement of the livelihood capital of agricultural dominant farmers, the encouragement of the livelihood diversification of part-time farmers, and the promotion of the return of non-farmer labor.