Abstract: This study conducted monitoring in the Jianli section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, for 2019 to 2022. By comparing the changes of species composition, resources and diversity of fish eggs and larvae before and after the fishing ban, this study preliminarily evaluated the effectiveness of the fishing ban in restoring fishery resources in Jianli section of the middle Yangtze River. The results showed that little difference was identified in the number of species for a total of 27 types of fish eggs. The common species included white amur bream, Hemiculter bleekeri, redeye carp and silver carp. However, the proportion of small fish decreased, while the proportion of medium and large fish increased. The amount of fish eggs showed a certain downward trend from 2019 to 2022. Diversity index analysis showed that the Margalef richness index (d) of fish eggs decreased after the fishing ban, but the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H), Pielou species evenness index (J), and Simpson dominance index (D) increased. A total of 45 types of larvae were monitored, with 39 types collected in 2022, which was the highest in the monitoring period. After the fishing ban, the larval size increased significantly, that exceeded 120 billion for two consecutive years from 2021 to 2022. The proportion of small fish decreased, while the proportion of Four Major Chinese Carps, white amur bream and white knifebelly carps increased. The dominant species increased from four to ten, and white amur bream, silver carp, and yellowcheek carp returned as dominant species. The Margalef richness index (d), Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H), Pielou species evenness index (J), and Simpson dominance index (D) of the larvae all showed a positive trend. These results indicated that the larvae resources in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River had significantly increased after the fishing ban, especially for the medium and the large fish. The fish community structure was also changing, which implied that the fishing ban policy had achieved preliminary outcomes in protecting the biodiversity of the Yangtze River. It is recommended that the enforcement of the fishing ban measures be strengthened.