Abstract: Oxbow lakes are vulnerable to degradation and loss of hydrological connectivity as a result of high-intensity human construction activities and global climate change. The connectivity of oxbow lakes to rivers is essential to maintaining the ecological health of the lakes.However, most of the existing studies on the changes of hydrological connectivity of the oxbow lakes used traditional approaches and focused on the unidirectional lake connectivity. In this study, 16 oxbow lakes in the Lower Jing River Basin were taken as the study area. The long-term changes in hydrological connectivity and the associated driving factors were explored. The method of the graph theory method, the AHP-entropy weight method, the Mann-Kendall trend and mutation detection, the sliding t-test, and the generalized linear regression was adopted. The results showed:(1) The hydrological connectivity of oxbow lakes decreased during both flood and non-flood seasons (P<0.05), with the highest value in the non-flood season in 1990 (G=0.512) and the highest value in the flood season in 1998 (G=0.989). The amount of the loss in hydrological connection varied depending on the water surface ratio. (2) Hydrological connectedness in non-flood season altered abruptly in 1994, as a result of the construction of Three Gorges Dam. The Dam's construction had a profound impact on the connection of the oxbow lakes.(3)Wetland area and runoff volume were the primary determinants of hydrological connectivity in oxbow lakes under varying conditions. During the flood season, water fluctuation frequency and vegetation cover showed the strongest correlations with connectivity. The water surface ratio also influenced the dynamics of connectivity, with low and high ratios exhibiting the highest sensitivity, while medium ratios were less affected by environmental factors. This study offered a theoretical justification for prudent management of the Lower Jing-jiang River Basin's water resources and ecological environment.