Abstract: The study on ecological zoning in river basins aims to optimize ecosystem management, implement differentiated conservation strategies, and promote the construction of ecological civilization and the enhancement of human well-being. Focusing on the Liuyang River basin, this study integrated methods such as the SWAT model, the Landscape Ecological Risk Index model and the InVEST model to analyze land use changes and their spatiotemporal impacts on landscape ecological risk from 2000 to 2020. Subsequently, the supply and demand of four ecosystem services, including water yield, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and habitat quality, were evaluated. Based on the matching of supply and demand and the classification of ecological risks, five ecological zones were constructed, and differentiated strategies were formulated. The key findings were as follows: (1) Forestland was the primary land-use type in the Liuyang River basin, accounting for about 71.5% of the area. Over the past two decades, land use changes had been characterized by a continuous increase in construction land and water areas, accompanied by a decline in cultivated land, forest land and grassland areas. (2) The landscape ecological risk in the study area was primarily low, relatively low, and moderate. Overall, the ecological risk exhibited a spatial pattern of "higher in the west and lower in the east." For the studied period, the overall landscape ecological risk decreased. (3) There were significant regional differences in the supply and demand patterns of ecosystem services, with higher supply in the east and lower supply in the west, and higher demand in the west and lower demand in the east. The mismatch between supply and demand was severe, with areas of spatial imbalance accounting for up to 76.92% of the total area. (4) By coupling landscape ecological risk with the supply and demand of ecosystem services, the basin was divided into five ecological zones, and the differentiated restoration pathways were proposed. This study provided a new perspective that integrated ecological processes and social development for basin ecological zoning. The research outcomes were helpful in improving the quality of ecosystem services, enhancing basin stability, and reducing ecological risks.