Abstract: Low-carbon development of natural gas industry is an important way for China to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Based on the two units of fuel combustion and system diffusion, the calculation system of carbon emissions of natural gas industry was constructed in this study.By introducing the principle of material conservation, the improved Super-SBM-Undesirable model was established.Combined with the panel data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Sichuan-Chongqing regions from 2010 to 2022, the spatial-temporal differentiation of industrial carbon emissions and low-carbon economic efficiency was empirically investigated.The results showed that: (1) the carbon emissions of natural gas industry in the three clusters showed a fluctuating upward trend, which was due to the increase of industrial carbon contribution driven by the large-scale development of natural gas under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.The carbon emission of fuel combustion was dominant.The carbon contribution of energy processing and conversion in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was large, due to the demand for central heating in winter.The carbon contribution of system diffusion was small.However, due to the aggregation characteristics of the upstream industrial chain, some diffusion emissions occurred in the exploration, mining, processing, and treatment stages.(2) The resource endowment advantage in Sichuan-Chongqing region leaded to the high-quality development of natural gas industry, resulting the highest efficiency of low-carbon economic.The political orientation of Beijing and Tianjin ensured the regional energy supply, but their self-sufficiency in natural gas was low.In addition, Hebei was facing the problem of air pollution in the process of industrial undertaking.Therefore, the efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was lower than that of Sichuan-Chongqing region.The efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region showed a significant regional difference.This was mainly due to the fact that in recent years, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai had taken the full advantages of regional coordinated development and intelligent transformation, and had vigorously expanded the emerging growth points of natural gas industry.However, the development foundation of Anhui's natural gas industry was relatively weak.