Abstract: The four famous Chinese carps, i.e, the black carp (Mylopharyngodon), the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon.idellus), the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and the big-head carp(Aristichthys nobilis) are the main species for freshwater fishery and aquaculture in China. According to the monitoring results from 1994 to 2001 and historical data, this paper deals with the analysis of the status of fishery resources of Chinese carps.The results obtained are: (1) The ratio of Chinese carps in fishery has droped in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River; (2)The proportion of the low age groups of Chinese carps increased and the advanced age group decreased; (3) The runoff of fry of Chinese carps was 3.587 billion, 2.747 billion, 2.154 billion,2.864 billion , 1.904 billion in the Jianli Section of the Yangtze River from 1997 to 2001 respectively,when comparing with 6.700 billion in 1981, Base on the main influencial factors strategies to manage the four famous Chinese carps resources were proposed, such as protecting spawning grounds, preserving relatively stablization of natural waters, enhancing fishery management, building the carps releasing stations，establishment the man agment system of germplasm resources in the Yangtze River.

Key words: the four famous Chinese carps, monitoring of fishery resource, fishery management, the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River