Abstract: The essence of China taking the path of independent innovation and the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy is to get rid of dependence on foreign technology and achieve technological independence and leadership. It is an inevitable choice to serve the innovation-driven development strategy by building a technology transfer system that conforms to the law of scientific and technological innovation, thereby accelerating the transfer of technology and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Viewing patent transfer as a surrogate for technology transfer, this paper constructs an evaluation model of inter-city technology transfer index based on the multidimensionality of technology transfer, and then builds a division model of inter-city technology transfer system based on the theory of asymmetric interdependence, and thus the spatial-temporal evolution of China’s intercity technology transfer system from 2001 to 2015 was revealed. We first find that from 2001 to 2015, the Beijing-Tianjin region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region were the core triangles of China’s inter-city technology transfer network, and the Chengdu-Chongqing region gradually became a center for technology transfer in the Central and Western regions of China. Therefore, the structure of the quadrangle of China’s inter-city technology transfer network was constructed. Secondly, from 2001 to 2015, China’s inter-city technology transfer system continued to be subdivided, showing the pattern of being directed by Shanghai to Beijing. However, by the end of this study, the grade system of inter-city technology transfer in China has not yet been fully formed.