Abstract: The highway network density, the influence degree of the traffic trunk line and the location advantage degree are used as the evaluation indexes, and the traffic advantage degree model is modified by introducing the terrain fluctuation factor based on the technical process and evaluation method of the provincial main functional area planning. On this basis, taking 29 key cities along the main stream of the Yangtze River as the research area, 108 counties and cities under its jurisdiction as the research units, and the spatial pattern of county traffic advantage along the main stream of the Yangtze River is analyzed and its causes are analyzed comprehensively using GIS spatial analysis, modeling and mapping technology, The results show that: from the regional perspective, the traffic advantage degree of counties along the Yangtze River main stream is generally distributed in a normal way, with obvious spatial difference between the East and the West. The traffic advantage degree of counties and cities in the East is generally higher than that in the West. The traffic advantage degree of counties and cities along the Shanghai Nanjing line and coastal areas is higher, and the higher terrain areas in the West are relatively lower. From the perspective of river basin, the traffic advantage degree of counties and cities along the Yangtze River main stream is generally higher From the perspective of administrative divisions, the traffic advantages of counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Shanghai, Nanjing and Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou are prominent, while those under the jurisdiction of central cities of Wuhan and Chongqing in the central and western regions have higher traffic advantages, while those far away from the central city and lack of traffic trunk lines have lower traffic advantages 。 Strengthen the construction of traffic infrastructure in low value areas, strengthen the economic ties between cities and neighboring cities under the jurisdiction of provinces, so as to improve the traffic advantage level of County cities in the main stream of the Yangtze River, and provide basic support and guarantee for urban development and economic construction in the Yangtze River Basin.