Abstract: Exploring the interactive relationship between agricultural transformation development and agricultural eco-environment can promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and the construction of beautiful China. Taking the Qinling-Daba Mountain Area as an example, this study used the entropy weight method to evaluate the level of agricultural transformation development and agricultural eco-environment, based on the constructed comprehensive indicator system. A coupled coordination degree model was used to explore the evolution trend and characteristics of the interactive relationship. The geographic detectors were applied to analyze the main influencing factors on the coupling and coordination. The results were as follows: (1) From 2003 to 2020, the agricultural transition development level and agricultural eco-environment level showed an upward trend. (2) The coupling and coordination degree shifted from low to high in time, and the overall distribution pattern showed a spatial heterogeneity. The coupling and coordination type gradually shifted from agricultural eco-environment lagged to agricultural transformation development lagged. (3) The main influencing factors of the coupling coordination degree of the two systems included the cultural level of rural employees, the proportion of agricultural output value in regional GDP, the area of soil erosion control, and the ratio of crop sown area to farmland area. The synergy between factors was strong. Our results indicated the agricultural transformation in the Qinling-Daba Mountain Area should be oriented towards the ecological development. Differentiated development strategies should be implemented for different regions.