Abstract: This study examined the specific influence of the uneven flow of scientific and technological talents on regional economic disparities within the Yangtze River Economic Belt, by utilizing a sample of 104 cities. The analysis employed individual fixed effects models and the Hansen threshold model, and focused on labor force heterogeneity. The findings were  as follows: (1)Linear regression results suggested that, unlike general labor force mobility, the uneven flow of scientific and technological talents had a subtle effect in narrowing regional economic disparities. (2)Against the backdrop of uneven flow of scientific and technological talents, measures of enhancing interregional economic connections, increasing the level of openness to the outside world, and advancing industrial structural upgrading could effectively promote the convergence of regional economic disparities. (3)Nonlinear regression results indicated that when Internet penetration and the level of real economic development were considered as threshold variables, the narrowing effect of the uneven flow of scientific and technological talents on regional economic disparities underwent a transition from "strong" to "very weak." In the context of the uneven flow and concentration of scientific and technological resources, these conclusions carried important policy implications for reducing regional economic disparities within the Yangtze River Economic Belt.